Credits : Searchsqlserver.techtarget

Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system, or RDBMS, that supports a wide variety of transaction processing, business intelligence and analytics applications in corporate IT environments. It’s one of the three market-leading database technologies, along with Oracle Database and IBM’s DB2.

Like other RDBMS software, Microsoft SQL Server is built on top of SQL, a standardized programming language that database administrators (DBAs) and other IT professionals use to manage databases and query the data they contain. SQL Server is tied to Transact-SQL (T-SQL), an implementation of SQL from Microsoft that adds a set of proprietary programming extensions to the standard language.

The original SQL Server code was developed in the 1980s by the former Sybase Inc., which is now owned by SAP. Sybase initially built the software to run on Unix systems and minicomputer platforms. It, Microsoft and Ashton-Tate Corp., then the leading vendor of PC databases, teamed up to produce the first version of what became Microsoft SQL Server, designed for the OS/2 operating system and released in 1989.

Ashton-Tate stepped away after that, but Microsoft and Sybase continued their partnership until 1994, when Microsoft took over all development and marketing of SQL Server for its own operating systems. The year before, with the Sybase relationship starting to unravel, Microsoft had also made the software available on the newly released Windows NT after modifying the 16-bit OS/2 code base to create a 32-bit implementation with added features; it focused on the Windows code going forward. In 1996, Sybase renamed its version Adaptive Server Enterprise, leaving the SQL Server name to Microsoft.

Versions of SQL Server
Between 1995 and 2016, Microsoft released 10 versions of SQL Server. Early versions were aimed primarily at departmental and workgroup applications, but Microsoft expanded SQL Server’s capabilities in subsequent ones, turning it into an enterprise-class relational DBMS that could compete with Oracle Database, DB2 and other rival platforms for high-end database uses. Over the years, Microsoft has also incorporated various data management and data analytics tools into SQL Server, as well as functionality to support new technologies that emerged, including the web, cloud computing and mobile devices.

Microsoft SQL Server 2016, which became generally available in June 2016, was developed as part of a “mobile first, cloud first” technology strategy adopted by Microsoft two years earlier. Among other things, SQL Server 2016 added new features for performance tuning, real-time operational analytics, and data visualization and reporting on mobile devices, plus hybrid cloud support that lets DBAs run databases on a combination of on-premises systems and public cloud services to reduce IT costs. For example, a SQL Server Stretch Database technology moves infrequently accessed data from on-premises storage devices to the Microsoft Azure cloud, while keeping the data available for querying, if needed.
SQL Server 2016 also increased support for big data analytics and other advanced analytics applications through SQL Server R Services, which enables the DBMS to run analytics applications written in the open source R programming language, and PolyBase, a technology that lets SQL Server users access data stored in Hadoop clusters or Azure blob storage for analysis. In addition, SQL Server 2016 was the first version of the DBMS to run exclusively on 64-bit servers based on x64 microprocessors.

Prior versions included SQL Server 2005, SQL Server 2008 and SQL Server 2008 R2, which was considered a major release despite the follow-up sound of its name. Next to come were SQL Server 2012 and SQL Server 2014. SQL Server 2012 offered new features, such as columnstore indexes, which can be used to store data in a column-based format for data warehousing and analytics applications, and AlwaysOn Availability Groups, a high availability and disaster recovery technology. (Editor’s note: Microsoft changed the spelling of the latter’s name to Always On when it released SQL Server 2016.)

SQL Server 2014 added In-Memory OLTP, which lets users run online transaction processing (OLTP) applications against data stored in memory-optimized tables instead of standard disk-based ones. Another new feature in SQL Server 2014 was the buffer pool extension, which integrates SQL Server’s buffer pool memory cache with a solid-state drive — another feature designed to boost I/O throughput by offloading data from conventional hard disks.

Microsoft SQL Server ran exclusively on Windows for more than 20 years. But, in 2016, Microsoft said it planned to also make the DBMS available on Linux, starting with a new version released as a community technology preview that November and initially dubbed SQL Server vNext; later, it was formally named SQL Server 2017 and scheduled for general availability in the summer of 2017.

The support for running SQL Server on Linux moved it onto an open source operating system commonly found in enterprises, giving Microsoft potential inroads with customers that don’t use Windows or have mixed server environments. In addition, it added the ability to run SQL Server in Docker containers, a virtualization technology that isolates applications from each other on a shared operating system.

Another notable feature in SQL Server 2017 is support for the Python programming language, an open source language that is widely used in analytics applications. With its addition, SQL Server R Services was renamed Machine Learning Services (In-Database) and expanded to run both R and Python applications. Initially, it and a variety of other features are only available in the Windows version of the database software, with a more limited feature set supported on Linux.

Inside SQL Server’s architecture
Like other RDBMS technologies, SQL Server is primarily built around a row-based table structure that connects related data elements in different tables to one another, avoiding the need to redundantly store data in multiple places within a database. The relational model also provides referential integrity and other integrity constraints to maintain data accuracy; those checks are part of a broader adherence to the principles of atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability — collectively known as the ACID properties and designed to guarantee that database transactions are processed reliably.
The core component of Microsoft SQL Server is the SQL Server Database Engine, which controls data storage, processing and security. It includes a relational engine that processes commands and queries, and a storage engine that manages database files, tables, pages, indexes, data buffers and transactions. Stored procedures, triggers, views and other database objects are also created and executed by the Database Engine.

Sitting beneath the Database Engine is the SQL Server Operating System, or SQLOS; it handles lower-level functions, such as memory and I/O management, job scheduling and locking of data to avoid conflicting updates. A network interface layer sits above the Database Engine and uses Microsoft’s Tabular Data Stream protocol to facilitate request and response interactions with database servers. And at the user level, SQL Server DBAs and developers write T-SQL statements to build and modify database structures, manipulate data, implement security protections and back up databases, among other tasks.

SQL Server services, tools and editions
Microsoft also bundles a variety of data management, business intelligence (BI) and analytics tools with SQL Server. In addition to the R Services and now Machine Learning Services technology that first appeared in SQL Server 2016, the data analysis offerings include SQL Server Analysis Services, an analytical engine that processes data for use in BI and data visualization applications, and SQL Server Reporting Services, which supports the creation and delivery of BI reports.

On the data management side, Microsoft SQL Server includes SQL Server Integration Services, SQL Server Data Quality Services and SQL Server Master Data Services. Also bundled with the DBMS are two sets of tools for DBAs and developers: SQL Server Data Tools, for use in developing databases, and SQL Server Management Studio, for use in deploying, monitoring and managing databases.

Microsoft offers SQL Server in four primary editions that provide different levels of the bundled services. Two are available free of charge: a full-featured Developer edition for use in database development and testing, and an Express edition that can be used to run small databases with up to 10 GB of disk storage capacity. For larger applications, Microsoft sells an Enterprise edition that includes all of SQL Server’s features, as well as a Standard one with a partial feature set and limits on the number of processor cores and memory sizes that users can configure in their database servers.

However, when SQL Server 2016 Service Pack 1 (SP1) was released in late 2016, Microsoft made some of the features previously limited to the Enterprise edition available as part of the Standard and Express ones. That included In-Memory OLTP, PolyBase, columnstore indexes, and partitioning, data compression and change data capture capabilities for data warehouses, as well as several security features. In addition, the company implemented a consistent programming model across the different editions with SQL Server 2016 SP1, making it easier to scale up applications from one edition to another.

Security features in SQL Server
The advanced security features supported in all editions of Microsoft SQL Server starting with SQL Server 2016 SP1 include three technologies added to the 2016 release: Always Encrypted, which lets user update encrypted data without having to decrypt it first; row-level security, which enables data access to be controlled at the row level in database tables; and dynamic data masking, which automatically hides elements of sensitive data from users without full access privileges.
Other notable SQL Server security features include transparent data encryption, which encrypts data files in databases, and fine-grained auditing, which collects detailed information on database usage for reporting on regulatory compliance. Microsoft also supports the Transport Layer Security protocol for securing communications between SQL Server clients and database servers.

Most of those tools and the other features in Microsoft SQL Server are also supported in Azure SQL Database, a cloud database service built on the SQL Server Database Engine. Alternatively, users can run SQL Server directly on Azure, via a technology called SQL Server on Azure Virtual Machines; it configures the DBMS in Windows Server virtual machines running on Azure. The VM offering is optimized for migrating or extending on-premises SQL Server applications to the cloud, while Azure SQL Database is designed for use in new cloud-based applications.

In the cloud, Microsoft also offers Azure SQL Data Warehouse, a data warehousing service based on a massively parallel processing (MPP) implementation of SQL Server. The MPP version, originally a stand-alone product called SQL Server Parallel Data Warehouse, is also available for on-premises uses as part of the Microsoft Analytics Platform System, which combines it with PolyBase and other big data technologies.

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Credits : Zdnet

Stack Overflow has released the results of its annual survey of 100,000 developers, revealing the most-popular, top-earning, and preferred programming languages.

The most-loved languages are Kotlin and Mozilla-developed Rust, according to Stack Overflow’s 2018 developer survey.

This was the first time developer community and jobs site Stack Overflow asked coders about the Java-friendly Kotlin, probably because Google gave it full support in the Android Studio integrated development environment last year.

Developer analyst firm RedMonk this week noted Kotlin is the second-fastest growing language after Apple’s Swift for iOS and macOS app development.

Other preferred languages include Python, Microsoft’s TypeScript, Google’s Go, Swift, JavaScript, C#, F#, and Clojure.

Among the most-loathed languages are Visual Basic 6, Cobol, CoffeeScript, VB.NET, and VBA.

However, JavaScript takes top spot as the most-popular programming, scripting, and markup language. It is followed by HTML, CSS, SQL, Java, Bash/Shell, Python, C#, and PHP. Python is one of the fastest-growing languages, according to Stack Overflow.

Microsoft’s Visual Studio Code is the overall most-popular development environment, while the most-loved platform is Linux. Google’s TensorFlow is also a popular tool.

The survey asked developers about their attitudes to the future of artificial intelligence and finds 73 percent are more excited about its possibilities than concerned by its dangers.

Only a quarter of respondents agree with Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s view that government should regulate AI. Musk this week said the cutting edge AI he sees “scares the hell out of me”.

Developers in the US working with Erlan, Scala, Ocaml, Clojure, Go, Groovy, and Objective-C are the highest paid, earning salaries of $110,000 to $115,000. Developers working with F# have the highest salaries worldwide.

The median salary of developers worldwide is $55,000, but the median salary of developers in the US is nearly double at $100,000. Other countries with median salaries above $90,000 include Switzerland and Israel, while programmers in the UK and Germany earn on average just over $60,000.

Stack Overflow took on board criticism of how last year’s survey approached women and other minorities who use the site. This report doesn’t include last year’s chapter on the ‘Female Developer Age’ or questions such as whether developers prefer Star Wars or Star Trek, or identify as ninjas, rockstars, or gurus.

Over 92 percent of this year’s respondents are men but Stack Overflow says nine percent of US respondents to the 2018 survey are women. Worldwide just 6.8 percent of respondents are women, marking a one percent drop on last year’s survey.

“We had survey participation at almost the rate we would expect from our traffic. In regions including the US, India, and the UK, women are represented at higher levels among students than among professional developers,” Stack Overflow says.

The survey also looked at the representation of women and men in different developer roles.

Stack Overflow finds that women have the highest representation as academics, QA developers, data scientists, and designers. System admins and DevOps specialists are 25 to 30 times more likely to be men than women.

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Credits : Indiatoday

A  B.Tech in Computer Science from KIET, Ghaziabad, had her semester break and she was keen to learn a new skill. However, she was also desperate to get back home as soon as possible. Quite a conundrum! Wasn’t it?

Luckily, she shared this with her senior who recommended her online training. She had qualms but got herself enrolled in an Android training. She had never been acquainted with Java before, but the content of the training suggested that it was perfect for a beginner like her.

By the end of the training, she had made Calculator and Notepad apps as assignments. After her college started, she also got an opportunity to test the practical applications of her learning.

She created a ‘Mutual Book-Sharing’ app for a contest during her college’s technical fest and within a year, she also created an app, Uddeshya, for the social welfare group of her college. Now, she is planning to pursue a career as an app developer.

Everyone wishes to acquire new skills but more often than not, it becomes a task to choose the right one. It goes without saying that one must go for the field she is passionate about, but to provide you with some guidance here is a list of some of the popular training programmes you might want to do while you enjoy home-cooked food during the vacations.

HERE ARE SIX THINGS YOU CAN LEARN ON YOUR POST-EXAM BREAK:

1. WEB DEVELOPMENT

This training programme will involve working in fields of HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, PHP, and MySQL. It is a perfect course for you to learn how to create a website from scratch. This course will help you understand the UI/UX (user interface and user experience) of a website and with start-ups booming more than ever, there are myriads of opportunities to hone your skills while earning.

2. ANDROID

This programme will help you learn how to create an android app along with various in-app features. You will learn XML for front-end development and Kotlin language for back-end development. This would provide you with the skills to develop an app that will work seamlessly across different Android devices.

3. CORE JAVA

This training will cover the basic concepts of Java and Object-Oriented Programming such as arrays, methods, and inheritance, polymorphism, classes etc. You will get to learn about Java FX and develop games using the same concepts.

4. PROGRAMMING WITH C AND C++

This training will help you learn C++ and C language basics, techniques of integrating function sets, generic application development and general method of the architecture of business solutions. This will be a perfect guide for you to create software using C++.

5. AUTOCAD

This training will help you understand computer-aided drafting and design using AutoCAD. The learning from this will help you work on various civil or architectural related projects in the future.

6. PYTHON

This training covers the essential concepts on the building blocks of Python, object-oriented programming, the use of SQLite database and development of GUIs for Python applications.

These trainings can be pursued without having any prior experience. The only pre-requisite is hard work and perseverance and the learning and experience gained from it will help you in getting a job or an internship.

The post-exam break is a great time to utilize the hours to build up your skill-base and garnish your resume. Even if your inhibitions stop yourself from taking the plunge, have faith and embark on this journey of self-discovery and we’re sure it will a great stepping stone to your career.

– Article by Internshala Trainings

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Credits : Redmondmag

Microsoft this week announced the commercial availability of Azure Database services for both MySQL and PostgreSQL.

The two open source database management systems reached “general availability” status on Azure after having been previews on Azure Database infrastructure since last year. They are currently available in “22 regions worldwide,” but Microsoft is planning to expand availability to all Azure regions “in the coming months.”

Azure Database on MySQL and Azure Database on PostgreSQL were both described as “community editions” by Sunil Kamath of the Azure Database engineering team in a Microsoft video. Both meet various compliance standards, including HIPAA. Microsoft also is promising compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) when it comes into effect on May 25.

The use of MySQL and PostgreSQL on Azure datacenter infrastructure adds built-in scalability and high availability, plus a 99.99 percent service-level agreement uptime assurance from Microsoft. Both database management systems can scale to 32 “vCores,” according to Microsoft’s announcement.

Organizations can use a toggle switch in the Azure Portal to connect the database management systems to Azure services, according to a demo by Kamath. PowerShell is built into the Azure Portal for management tasks. It’s possible to set backup for 35 days before restoring data, and it’s also possible to set up backup in a different Azure region to get data redundancy protections, according to Kamath.

The announcement claimed that existing tools, such as mysqldump and pg_dump (for PostgreSQL), can be used to migrate these databases to Azure datacenters. There’s also a “limited preview” available to use the Azure Database Migration Service to move MySQL workloads to Azure infrastructure. Microsoft is promising to add PostgreSQL migration support to that tool, as well. The Azure Database Migration Service is still at the preview stage.

Microsoft’s next planned open source addition to Azure Database will be the MariaDB database management system, a MySQL variant. It’ll be arriving on Azure in the “coming few months,” the announcement indicated. It had been available as a preview since November, which is when Microsoft joined the MariaDB Foundation.

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Credits : Hostreview

Nowadays, if you are a newbie who knows little or nothing about the world of programming, there are dozens of alternatives available to learn to program from scratch. It is a huge world. However, if we enter the most specific niche of back-end web development, the main alternatives are PHP and Python.

PHP Technology Overview

Let’s talk about  PHP first. PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf to specifically build dynamic web pages.  PHP came out in 1994 and was a radical revolution in its time. Important pages such as Facebook, Tumblr, Yahoo and Wikipedia were made using PHP, and 83% of websites around the world use PHP.

Python Technology Overview

Python is older than PHP and was created by Guido van Rossum in 1989, as a successor of the ABC language. However, it only became popular among programmers when it incorporated full Unicode support in the 2000s. It is a multi-paradigm language for thousands of uses, from Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and scientific research, to web, mobile and desktop development. Despite being used by giants such as YouTube, Reddit and Spotify, less than 1% of the websites are made in Python. Nonetheless, it is quite popular in other work fields.

PHP Vs Python Technology

PHP and Python are multi-paradigm languages that support imperative programming, procedural programming, object-oriented programming, and even functional programming.

In terms of web programming, PHP has greater advantages, despite its shortcomings. It has dozens of frameworks such as Symphony, Laravel, CodeIgniter, Banshee, Zend, etc., and is quite adaptable, compatible with almost all existing hostings and the most popular CMS on the planet, like WordPress, is built in PHP. Two of the main open source e-commerce platforms, Magento and WooCommerce, are also made in PHP.

Python offers a more limited offer, being compatible with few hostings (which incidentally tend to be more expensive than those compatible with PHP projects). It has a smaller but quite varied offer of frameworks for web development, with  Django and Flask being used the most. Python also offers several CMSs based on Django that have a modest number of followers.

Both languages are excellent options when programming web pages. Unquestionably, the most appropriate for a noob programmer is Python, because their interpreter forces you to write and correctly devise your code to execute it correctly, unlike the messy and often poorly written PHP code.

For its part, PHP is harder to learn and less welcoming for a new user. Another advantage of Python is that it is very tolerant of syntax errors and its interpreter doesn´t usually break code for minor errors. It is very easy to learn. That’s why it’s strange that Python isn´t in the majority of schools of computer science schools in India, unlike many countries of the world. Interestingly, most Indian developers do know how to use PHP.

PHP Vs Python Technical Aspects

Technically speaking, executing a PHP code is slower than executing a code in Python, and if you use a framework like Laravel it doesn´t generate an intermediate bytecode during execution. Also, you must write more lines of code to do the same task as in Python.

PHP is less secure than its rival and requires additional security software to develop an app, unlike Python, which by itself is quite safe without add-ons.

Among other advantages, Python programmers are better paid and more demanded, due to the scarce offer available to Indian programmers in Python. In fact, recently one of the top app development companies Indiafirm  was forced to pay thrice of billing rate to American freelance Python programmers to build the platform of a US bank, because they didn´t have enough own programmers for the task. Outsourcing companies such as Infosys, TCS or Wipro are very reluctant to use Python, preferring to use Java, C ++, PHP or .NET.

On the other hand, a PHP developer must face greater labor competition and worse salaries because the supply of labor is much greater. Both languages have an excellent community ready to help you in everything you need, and good and extensive documentation.

Conclusion

In summary, when analyzing both the languages, if you want to learn to program in all existing development environments today, without limitations, your best option is Python. Especially if you are thinking about specializing in Artificial Intelligence or scientific research. It’s true that it´s more difficult to find good hostings and quality supplements for web development in Python, but the effort is worth it.

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Credits : Gulfnews

Apple’s event on Tuesday is looking be to slightly unusual.

It will not be in California. It will not be livestreamed.

And there will be no new iPhone — unless the analysts and internet rumor mongers are wrong.

Tuesday’s event will focus instead on education and is even being held at Chicago’s Lane Tech College Prep High School.

The invitation read “Let’s take a field trip.”

Ars Technica is reporting the school has previously taken part in Apple’s Learn to Code program.

Apple is not saying anything official yet about the event, but Bloomberg is reporting that Apple will be offering both software and hardware launches that are educationally focused.

According to the Ars Technica report, this includes software that teachers can use to assign homework, monitor tests and conduct other classroom activities.

Newer, cheaper iPad?

On the hardware front, Apple is expected to launch a newer, cheaper iPad.

Bloomberg is reporting the Apple’s event may be part of an move to regain lost ground in the classroom.

Apple share of the kindergarten to Grade 12 market is only 17 percent, which is slightly behind Microsoft and massively behind Android tablets and Chromebooks, which command 60 per cent market share.

Apple’s entry level iPad price is $329.

Chromebooks can be had for half that price.

The new iPad is expected to work with the Apple pencil, although there are rumors that Apple will drop the price on that too.

The Pencil is a wireless stylus that currently retails for $99 (Dh367).

There is also the possibility of an MacBook Air update, but details are scarce on whether this is an update or a redesign.

Did we say ‘No iPhone’?

Well, most analysts are saying this is only an outside possibility — but we might see them release an iPhone SE2.

The SE is the smallest of the iPhone line, which comes with a 4-inch screen.

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Credits : Itweb

Digital Geekaship, a sister company of technology consulting company Infoware Studios, has introduced online software development courses.

The courses, Introduction to Software Development Basics, and Full-stack Web Development, will offer practical, industry-aligned, software development training.

Classes will be delivered virtually via an online learning management system and online mentoring.

Tania Van Wyk De Vries, MD of Digital Geekaship, says the courses are entry-level, aimed at those wanting to embark on a career in software development.

She says Geekaship is focusing on building practical, industry-relevant, software development skills.

Incorporating their industry knowledge into the content, the facilitators who are all software developers, software engineers and development managers, designed the learning programme applying industry practices.

“Through practice and mentoring, course participants learn fundamental software engineering skills, concepts and principles used in a real-world development environment – without having to do a three-year technical degree,” adds Van Wyk De Vries.

Eighty percent of the content will have a practical focus, where candidates work through industry-relevant real-work exercises and projects and the balance on coaching and feedback from the instructors.

“We are passionate about building a skilled software development workforce in Africa that matches global standards, and will help to bridge the ICT skills gap we have in Africa,” she concludes.

Registration is open to anyone looking to start a career in software development, and the online courses are also open to corporate companies who require coaching for their junior developers.

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Credits : Adtmag

Oracle announced the general availability of Java SE 10 (JDK 10) this week. This release, which comes barely six months after the release of Java SE 9, is the first in the new rapid release cadence Oracle announced late last year.

The new release schedule, which the company is calling an “innovation cycle,” calls for a feature release every six months, update releases every quarter, and a long-term support (LTS) release every three years. Java 10 is a feature release that obsoletes Java 9. The next LTS release will be Java 11, expected in September. The next LTS version after that will be Java 17, scheduled for release in September 2021.

“Oracle is committed to rapidly evolving and delivering new innovations in the Java platform – this being the first in our newly adopted release cycle and licensing model,” said Georges Saab, vice president of Software Development in Oracle’s Java Platform Group. “We’re especially proud of the simplicity of this release, which introduces useful new features, removes unnecessary elements, and is easy for developers to use.”

The six-month feature release cadence is meant to reduce the latency between major releases, explained is Sharat Chander, director of Oracle’s Java SE Product Management group, said in a blog post.

“This release model takes inspiration from the release models used by other platforms and by various operating-system distributions addressing the modern application development landscape,” Chander wrote. “The pace of innovation is happening at an ever-increasing rate and this new release model will allow developers to leverage new features in production as soon as possible. Modern application development expects simple open licensing and a predictable time-based cadence, and the new release model delivers on both.”

This release comes with 12 new enhancements defined through the JDK Enhancement Proposals (JEP) process, which is Oracle’s version of the Java Specification Request (JSR) process of the JCP, including:
Local-Variable Type Inference: Enhances the Java Language to extend type inference to declarations of local variables with initializers. It introduces var to Java, something that is common in other languages.
Consolidate the JDK Forest into a Single Repository: Combine the numerous repositories of the JDK forest into a single repository to simplify and streamline development.
Garbage Collector Interface: Improves the source code isolation of different garbage collectors by introducing a clean garbage collector (GC) interface.
Parallel Full GC for G1: Improves G1 worst-case latencies by making the full GC parallel.
Application Data-Class Sharing: To improve startup and footprint, this JEP extends the existing Class-Data Sharing (“CDS”) feature to allow application classes to be placed in the shared archive.
Thread-Local Handshakes: Introduce a way to execute a callback on threads without performing a global VM safepoint. Makes it both possible and cheap to stop individual threads and not just all threads or none.
Remove the Native-Header Generator Tool: Remove the javah tool from the JDK since it has been superseded by superior functionality in javac.
Additional Unicode Language-Tag Extensions: Enhances java.util.Locale and related APIs to implement additional Unicode extensions of BCP 47 language tags.
Heap Allocation on Alternative Memory Devices: Enables the HotSpot VM to allocate the Java object heap on an alternative memory device, such as an NV-DIMM, specified by the user.
Experimental Java-Based JIT Compiler: Enables the Java-based JIT compiler, Graal, to be used as an experimental JIT compiler on the Linux/x64 platform.
Root Certificates: Provides a default set of root Certification Authority (CA) certificates in the JDK.
Time-Based Release Versioning: Revises the version-string scheme of the Java SE Platform and the JDK, and related versioning information, for present and future time-based release models.

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Credits : Infoq

MySQL is gearing up for its 8th version, expected to be released in 2018. A full 28 months have passed since the first general release for MySQL 5.7.9, and there have already been five release candidates for MySQL 8, ranging from 8.0.0 to 8.0.4. These release candidates are only intended for development purposes and should not be used in production systems — they are not supported for upgrades, and users may experience data format incompatibility between release candidates and general availability versions.

The first thing a user of MySQL might notice is the jump in version numbering. This is because version 6 was dropped and version 7 is reserved for the enterprise product line. Window functions is one of the most interesting features of MySQL 8. Already present in other database engines, window functions can perform aggregations on a group of query rows, producing a result for each row. Similar to window functions, Recursive Common Table Expressions lets users perform subqueries referring to its own name without the use of cursors. This presentation explains the subject in detail.

The default character set support is also changing from latin1 to utf8mb4. utf8mb4 uses up to four bytes per character and is the character set of preference for most use cases, as it supports extended collations like utf8mb4_ja_0900_as_cs for Japanese and also, emojis. On storage side, the default storage engine will be InnoDB.

Invisible indexes allow DBAs to exclude an index from the query optimiser in order to test if this index is improving performance or not, and stage indexes before actually enabling them for users. JSON support has improved significantly, with the addition of the JSON_EXTRACT() function that can extract data from a json field based on a path query argument. JSON_ARRAYAGG() and JSON_OBJECTAGG() aggregation functions can be used to combine data into JSON arrays and objects respectively.

Finally, MySQL 8 provides flexible roles support, with create, drop and grant to roles functionality and even granting roles to roles. Limiting roles per session and specifying hosts that can use roles are all available with MySQL 8. DBAs can also get a GraphML visualisation of the roles by calling the ROLES_GRAPHML() function.

MySQL 8 was scheduled to be released in October 2017, and while 8.0.4RC was released on 23rd January 23 2018, there appears to be at least another two release candidates scheduled before the GA version rolls out.

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